What is pH level of water? The term pH means “Power of Hydrogen” or “Potential of Hydrogen” in chemistry. But simply pH level of water indicates the concentration of hydrogen ion in water. pH Formula & pH Scale: Based on hydrogen ion concentration pH scale is developed. pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. pH …
Alkalinity means acid neutralization capacity of water. When we add acid in water (adding H+ ions) water absorbs H+ ions without showing significant change in pH mainly it is due to carbonate, bicarbonate & hydroxide ion present in water or the mixture of two ions present in water. The possibility of OH– and HCO3– ions …
Simple defination of hardness is the amount of calcium & magnesium ions present in water. It is divided in two parts carbonate or temporary hardness and non-carbonate or permanent hardness. It is a major source of scale in water systems i.e.boiler water & cooling water systems. Softening is a popular method for removal of hardness …
Normality in chemistry is very important term & very useful to making reagents for analysis. Unfortunately, many professional even experienced professionals don’t have the clear basics concept of normality. I guarantee you after reading this article you have solid understanding about normality & its calculation. Defination: Normality in chemistry means numbers of equivalents per liter …
