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What is Water Hardness? Simple definition of hardness of water is the amount of calcium & magnesium ions present in water. It is divided in two parts carbonate or temporary hardness and non-carbonate or permanent hardness. It is a major source of scale in water systems i.e. boiler water ...

What is Normality? Normality in chemistry is very important term & very useful to making reagents for analysis. Unfortunately, many professional even experienced professionals don't have the clear basics concept of normality. I guarantee you after reading this article you have solid ...

What is Molarity? Molarity means numbers of moles of solute per liter of solution.It is denoted by symbol M. Based on this defination the molarity formula becomes as below: Molarity(M) = Numbers of Moles of Solute(n) / Volume of Solution In Liter(L)---------(1) To understand molarity ...

Circulation in Boiler: Types of water circulation in industrial steam water tube boilers: Water circulation in boiler can be classified in three different types of systems. Natural CirculationControlled CirculationCombined Circulation #1.Natural Circulation In Boiler: Boiler feed ...

What is Cation Conductivity? This term is generally applicable in boiler water treatment. The concept is same as Strong Acid Cation(SAC) column works in DM Plant. To measure cation conductivity water sample is passing through cation column filled with cation resin in the hydrogen (H+) form. It ...